Router, firewall, and VPN
Linux has had fast, kernel-level packet forwarding, routing, firewall, and NAT capabilities for a long time. But these are controlled through different user-space applications, such as iptables, resulting in far-flung configuration files and complex syntax -- a far cry from Cisco's single-file configuration and relative ease of configuration.
Vyatta ties it all together behind a custom shell that essentially puts an "IOS" into Linux. Logging in to a Vyatta router can closely resemble the console of a Cisco or Juniper router, with basic commands such as "show ip route" performing exactly the function you would expect.
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