Cloud versus cloud: A guided tour of Amazon, Google, AppNexus, and GoGrid

Cloud computing offerings differ in depth, breadth, style, and fine print; beneath the heady metaphor lurk familiar pitfalls, complex pricing, and many questions

 

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Amazon was one of the first companies to launch a product for the general public, and it continues to have one of the most sophisticated and elaborate set of options. If you need CPU cycles, you can spin up virtual machines with Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). If it's data you want to store, you can park objects of up to 5GB in the Simple Storage Service (S3). Amazon has also built a limited database on top of the S3, but I didn't test it because it's still in a closed beta. To wrap it up, your machines can talk among themselves with the Simple Queue Service (SQS), a message-passing API.

All of these services are open to the Web and accessible as Web services. There's a neat demo for the SimpleDB that is just a pile of HTML running in your browser while querying the distant cloud. The documentation is extensive, and Amazon makes it relatively easy to wade through the options.

The ease, though, is relative because almost everything you do needs a command line. Amazon built a great set of tools with sophisticated security options for sending orders to your collection of machines in the sky, but they all run from the command line. I found myself cutting and pasting commands from documentation because it was too easy to mistype some certificate file name, for example.

Unix jockeys will feel right at home in this world because the virtual machines at your disposal are all versions of Linux distros like Fedora Core 4. After you grab one off the shelf, you can install your own software and create a custom instance that can be loaded relatively quickly if there's space available in the cloud.

It's hard to go into enough detail about all of the offerings described here, but Amazon is the most difficult because it has the most extensive solutions. Amazon is thoroughly committed to the cloud paradigm, rethinking how we design these systems and producing some innovative tools. [ See the QuickTime video. ]

[ Jump to the reviews and the analysis: Amazon EC2 | Google App Engine | GoGrid | AppNexus | The fine print | Crashing the cloud metaphor | Best and worst ]

The Bottom Line

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud Amazon, amazon.com/ec2

Preview

Cost: 10 cents per hour for a "small instance" (1.7GB of memory, 160GB of instance storage), 15 cents per gigabyte of data storage per month, 10 to 17 cents per gigabyte of data transferred Platforms: Linux-based systems Bottom Line: Amazon EC2 offers a great collection of tools and experimental offerings that is rapidly expanding. Already offering the broadest set of cloud services by far, Amazon supports a wide range of application platforms including JBoss, and active development shows the cloud changing day by day. Cons include endless cutting and pasting for the command-line interface, and the shared storage (S3) is relatively expensive for low-grade data such as log files.

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The Bottom Line

Google App Engine Google, google.com/appengine/

Preview

Cost: About 5 million free page views. After that, 10 to 12 cents per hour of a CPU core, 15 to 18 cents per gigabyte of storage per month, and 9 to 13 cents per gigabyte of data transferred. Platforms: Any Python 2.5 Web application that operates in a sandbox that excludes actions such as writing to the file system. Bottom Line: App Engine makes life easy for programmers who code simple database front ends in Python, though the API is deliberately limited. There are no background threads, files, or other crutches. It's all database, all the time, but only a simplified database at that. The pricing model -- based on squirrelly metrics such as CPU megacycles -- may make costs difficult to anticipate. An application dashboard offers clean views of performance.

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The Bottom Line

GoGrid GoGrid, gogrid.com

Preview

Cost: 12 cents per hour of a CPU core. Load balancing, DNS, 500GB of storage, and incoming data transfers are free. Outbound data transfers cost 25 cents per gigabyte Platforms: CentOS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux with Apache, PHP, MySQL, or Facebook; Windows Server 2003 with IIS, ASP.Net, SQL Server 2005 Bottom Line: GoGrid offers the widest range of machine images, including Windows systems. A clean, AJAX-based control panel makes it simple to get a sophisticated network up quickly and efficiently, and saves you the trouble of cutting and pasting IP addresses and other details. GoGrid doesn't offer many cloudlike features for database storage; you have to mirror the databases yourself. The company is still working on a way to freeze a machine instance so that you don't have to pay for it when it's not running.

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The Bottom Line

AppNexus AppNexus, appnexus.com

Preview

Cost: 22 cents per hour for a 2.83GHz server. High throughput NAS costs 50 cents per gigabyte per month, while archival storage costs significantly lower. Platforms: Linux-based systems Bottom Line: AppNexus is a way to share the cost of owning top-of-the-line enterprise tools. It makes load balancers and file storage systems available on a fractional basis, and it provides a content delivery network that spreads your static files throughout the Web. Cloudlike features are implemented with old-school metaphors like "shared file systems," which may be a good thing if you like the old transparency. The command-line interface is really made for Unix lovers.

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