We've come to depend on applications that can undo everything they do. In Microsoft Word, for example, you can reverse a series of edits by leaning on Control-Z, and you can restore them with Control-Y. But when you save the file, your undo stack evaporates and the last edit wins. If you accidentally delete the file, you might be out of luck because the Recycle Bin only works when applications (primarily Internet Explorer) use the Windows shell API. If you accidentally overwrite the file, you're almost certainly out of luck.
Estimates of the cost of recovering from these kinds of incidents range from high to astronomical — a revelation to no one, as we've all committed such blunders more than once. Though we might not call these incidents disasters, collectively that's what they add up to. When the 2003 InfoWorld Storage Survey asked 475 IT leaders to name their key storage management challenges, 75 percent of respondents cited the need for enhanced backup and disaster recovery capabilities. So it's no surprise that the volume shadow copy technology in Windows Server 2003 is attracting lots of attention.
As the Test Center reported last summer in our first look at what was then .Net Server RC1 (See "Serving up .Net,") shadow copy takes a snapshot of a working volume. It's a quick operation because the snapshot does not copy data; it just fixes a point in time. Changes made after that point — and only those changes — accumulate in a hidden volume. Clients, after installing a shell extension, see an extra Previous Versions tab in the properties dialog box of a volume or folder mapped to the server. Each previous version enables viewing of, or restoration to, the former state of the volume or folder. The shadow volume, which defaults to 10 percent of the volume it lives on, could become a popular kind of disk-based nearline storage. That's a strategy that 65 percent of survey respondents say they'll implement in the next 12 months to simplify backup and accelerate recovery.
A fact not widely known is that Windows XP, both home and professional editions, contains an early version of the volume shadow copy service. "We like to stabilize file systems early in this group," says David Golds, group program manager of the core file systems team at Redmond, Wash.-based Microsoft.
By the time Server 2003 hits the streets, the volume shadow code will have been given a good burn-in. XP's version of the shadow copy service is limited in several ways, though, according to Golds. The shadow holds only one level of undo, and it doesn't persist across reboots. Currently it's only used in conjunction with XP's backup program, which can create a snapshot so it needn't skip open files. As soon as users learn to depend on the "previous versions" shell extension for server volumes, they'll expect it to work locally too, which should prove feasible. XP users may well wonder, though, if shadow copy restore might all along have been bringing back files deleted or overwritten on their own machines.
The elusive backup window for online business data is, of course, a key storage management headache. A third of the Storage Survey respondents cited the need to minimize that window. Snapshots neatly solve the problem, but the shadow technology also has far-reaching implications. Server 2003's comprehensive backup API is just part of a new middleware architecture that enables applications and storage systems to work together intelligently. Just as ODBC and its successors delivered common ways to work with structured data, the three-way coordination among shadow copy writers, requestors, and providers promises to unify methods for handling low-level storage.
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