Beyond touch: A look at next-gen user interfaces
Innovative interfaces offer 3D and even touch-free interaction with devices
Touchscreens could be extinct if researchers pioneering new human-computer interfaces have anything to say about it. From brain-controlled machines to gesture-driven devices, there's a range of technologies in development that may find their way into everyday electronic devices.
Several conferences this year have given a great glimpse into innovative interfaces and what the future may hold.
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Screens that get slippery or sticky -- as feedback
Touchscreens are somewhat limited in giving feedback to a user. The screen may vibrate when tapped, but that's just about all it can do. At this year's CHI (Computer Human Interaction) conference in Vancouver, B.C., in May, a researcher from the University of British Columbia showed a way to completely change the feeling of a screen, at times making it slippery and other times making it sticky. The prototype screen has four actuators that shake the screen.
"This is actually the same technology used in many cell phones or other devices, but it runs at a higher frequency so you don't feel the vibration itself," said Vincent Levesque, a postdoctoral fellow. "It pushes your finger away from the piece of glass, a bit like an air hockey table."
Levesque's team had a demonstration set up with basic file folders on screen. When a folder is selected, the screen becomes slippery. When it is dragged over another folder or the trash, the screen became sticky.
The prototype occupied a sizeable section of the table on which it sat. Wires protruded and circuit boards were visible, making it too bulky to integrate into any mobile devices. The system uses lasers to determine the position of the finger. As the team continues work on the project, it hopes to reduce the system's size and replace the lasers with a capacitive touchscreen.
At the CHI conference, university students and research groups dreamed up most of the projects on display and shared them with potential employers who could license the technology and invest in developing it.
Gestures without touch
Texas A&M University's Interface Ecology Lab favors gestures over touch, creating a gesture-controlled system called ZeroTouch. It looks like an empty picture frame, and the edges are lined with 256 infrared sensors pointing toward the center. The frame is connected to a computer and the computer to a digital projector. "I like to consider it an optical force field," said Jonathan Moeller, a research assistant in the lab.
When the spiderweb of light created by the sensors is broken, the computer interprets the size and depth of the break and displays it as a brushstroke. If just a pencil breaks the beam, the brushstroke will be thin. If an entire arm or head breaks the beam, the stroke will be thick. While painting on the digital canvas, users hold an iPhone on which they can select the color of the brush.
Drawing in the air is just a proof of concept. When ZeroTouch is placed over a traditional computer screen it becomes a touchscreen. Instead of creating brushstrokes, the system moves a cursor. Moeller started working on the project in 2009. It was born out of research that used a projection screen and a camera. He said he thought the system was bulky and wanted to reduce its size.
