When the chips are down 

It’s remarkable how much trouble a few drops of ink can cause.

A reader recently discovered this fact to his chagrin when one of the many HP ink-jet printers in his organization suddenly ceased functioning. “On one piece of critical lab equipment we have an HP 2000c printer attached, printing out black-and-white reports that are date-stamped and used for required reporting to regulatory agencies,” the reader wrote. “All of a sudden we started getting messages saying the color cartridges have expired. Now the printer wouldn't work at all, even though we don't use the color cartridges, and if we couldn’t print these reports, we could be fined $72,000 per day.”

Before he could determine what was wrong with the old color cartridges, the reader hurriedly purchased $200 worth of replacements. “Come to find out, on the 2000 series printers, they have a chip that expires the cartridge 30 months after the install-by-date printed on the cartridge,” the reader says. “Not knowing this at the time, I made an emergency purchase of three new cartridges -- to replace completely full ones -- and three extra for backup.” Only after learning about the chip did he realize the three spares would expire at the same time as the new ones he had just installed, meaning they would likely go to waste. He was also annoyed that the information that came with the printer hadn’t made the expiration issue clear. “Because we can't take the risk of any more surprises, I will be surplusing this printer for one that will only quit working when it actually runs out of ink, not when it runs out of time!”

I’ve heard from several other readers about similar problems they’ve had due to the chips in the ink supply cartridges for HP’s business-oriented printer models, so I pretty much knew what I’d hear when I asked HP about it. “In some of our printer models with separate print heads and ink cartridges, the ink cartridges expire after a certain period of time to prevent degradation of the printer components and print quality due to changes in ink properties, cartridge properties, and interactions between the ink and the cartridge,” an HP spokesman said. “For quality assurance reasons, we have set a maximum lifetime for the ink supply. The time allowed is adequate for product distribution and in-printer life for even our low-volume users.”

The readers who have suffered various difficulties with expiring cartridges suspect the chips are there not so much to protect them against degraded ink as to protect HP from red ink. Why, they wonder, does HP only do this in business printer models? If consumers can decide for themselves when ink is becoming too degraded, shouldn’t business users also get to do so? The lack of a patentable print head to block producers of generic cartridges may have been HP’s real motivation for inserting a chip. Then, by giving the chip a time bomb function, it also effectively prevents reuse of the cartridges for refilling or remanufacturing.

Those who are familiar with the printer consumables marketplace might be surprised that I chose to pick on HP because it’s certainly not the only manufacturer with some blotches on its record. Epson, for example, also puts a chip in the cartridges for many of its ink-jet models. While taking a somewhat different approach than HP, the Epson chip seems to have many of the same effects, both in terms of creating difficulties for customers and discouraging competition for Epson’s cartridges.